This course lays the foundation of the core EA concepts, using TOGAF as the common vocabulary for enterprise architecture. The course then focuses on practical skills to perform the foundational activities of EA: Developing a vision; establishing an architecture baseline; developing a target business architecture, target data architecture, target application architecture, and target technology architecture. It provides guidance on establishing an EA program and EA governance. The course includes an extensive set of examples, templates, and industry references for further learning. The course includes hands-on labs for catalogs, matrices, and diagrams for all four domains.
AUDIENCE
Enterprise Architects new to EA
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
Introductions
Course Outline
Handouts & Appendices
Practical Application: Building Skills
Practical Application: Filling Your Toolbox
Course Evaluation & Questions
Course Delivery Overview
CHAPTER 2 - ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA) PRIMER
Architecture
Architects
Enterprise Architecture Definitions
IEEE, TOGAF, & MIT Perspectives
Group Discussion: Expectations of EA
Enterprise Architecture Defined
Architecture Framework: Foundation for a Common Vocabulary
Industry EA Frameworks
Dimensions of Architecture Scope
Group Discussion: EA Partitioning
Architecture Domains
Depth: Strategic, Segment, and Capability Architectures
Example: DOE Segment Identification
Example: Segment Architecture
Time: Baseline, Target, and Transition Architectures
Various Solution Architecture Definitions
Group Discussion: Solution Architecture
Characteristics of a Solution Architecture
Example Solution Architecture: SOA for Insurance
Example Solution Architecture: Customer Contact Center
Glossary
Summary
CHAPTER 3 - EA FRAMEWORK
The Importance of a Framework for EA
EA Framework Family Tree
Group Discussion: Architecture Frameworks
TOGAF
TOGAF Components
Architecture Development Method (ADM)
Architecture Content Framework
Views & Viewpoints
TOGAF Viewpoints
Catalogs, Matrices, Diagrams & Viewpoints
Architecture Deliverables
Group Discussion: Deliverables & Artifacts
ADM Techniques
ADM Guidelines
Enterprise to Solution Architecture
Example: Architecture Roadmap
Zachman Framework
Zachman Framework Matrix Overview
TOGAF Artifacts Using the Zachman Framework
Leveraging the Zachman Framework
Federal Enterprise Architectural Framework (FEAF)
Leveraging FEA
Technique: Classified Technology Portfolio
DoDAF / MODAF
TRAK
Leveraging DoDAF, MoDAF, & TRAK
All Frameworks Have Strengths & Weaknesses
Which Framework Should I Use?
Summary
CHAPTER 4 - EA VALUE PROPOSITION
Without Architecture You Can't
Factors Driving EA Adoption
Accelerated Rate of Change
EA Facilitates Change Across Units
Greater Information Density
Customers Expect Personalized Goods
Traditional Industry Barriers are Disintegrating
Impact of Diversification & Acquisitions
Shared Resources Across Business Units
Business Demand for Technology Continues to Grow
Tight IT Budgets Will Persist
Primary Drivers for EA Programs
Summary of EA Benefits
Digitized Platform: The Key to Agility
Group Discussion: Benefits
Value of EA Activities: Baseline Architecture
Value of EA Activities: Target Architecture
Value of EA Activities: Architecture Review
Value of EA Activities: Governance
Group Discussion: Obstacles
Summary
CHAPTER 5 - REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE
Reference Architecture
Reference Architecture Components
Reference Architecture Summarized
Reference Architecture Context
Architecture Principles
Components of Principles
Qualities of a Good Set of Principles
EA Principles: Creation Process
Templates: Principle & Principle Catalog
Example: Architecture Principles
Example: Architecture Principles
Group Discussion: Principles
Applying Architecture Principles
Policies
Template: Policy
Example: Governance Policies
Example: SOA Policy
Example: Policies
Reference Models
Example: IBM Business Analytics & Optimization Reference Architecture
Example: IBM Insurance Application Architecture
Example: SOA Reference Architecture
Example:Customer Experience Reference Architecture
Business Scenarios
Business Scenario Summary
Business Scenario Outline
Template & Example: Business Scenario
Practices: Standards & Guidelines
Example: Interoperability Standards
Example: Insurance Reporting Reference Architecture
Example: Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) Standards
Example: Health Care Reference Architecture
Resource: Financial Industry Organizations
Resource: Health Industry Organizations
Resource: Retail Industry Organizations
Resource: Technical Organizations
Industry Organizations
Insurance Industry Standards ROI
Requirements
Example: Mobile Security Reference Architecture
Example: MSRA Requirements
Architecture Building Blocks: Reusable Requirement Sets
Resource: NIST Security Requirements
Example: COTS Standard Requirements Set
Summary
CHAPTER 6 - DEFINING AN ARCHITECTURE VISION
Architecture Vision
Context Diagram
Define The System Boundaries
Stakeholder Matrix
Stakeholder Map
Example: Stakeholder Map
Template: TOGAF Stakeholder Map Matrix
Value Chain Diagram
Example: Retail Vision Diagram
Example: Customer Interaction Concept Diagram
Example: Solution Concept Diagram
Examples: TOGAF Vision Diagrams
Template: Architecture Vision Deliverable
Summary
CHAPTER 7 - ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE BASELINE
Importance of an Architecture Baseline
Architecture Baseline Process Overview
What are Your EA Baseline Objectives?
Group Discussion: EA Baseline Goals & Objectives
A Typical Place to Start
Core Catalogs
Core Matrices
Templates: Baseline Collection Templates
Creating Building Blocks from a Baseline
What Can You Learn From Your Baseline
Customized Taxonomy
Baseline More Than Software
Baseline Classified by Lifecycle
Baseline Relationships
Relationship Types
Baseline Reporting
EA Baseline Best Practices
Summary
CHAPTER 8 - ARCHITECTURE REQUIREMENTS
Architecture Quality Attributes
Quality of Service Requirement Categories
Checklist: Quality Attribute (QA) Categories
Trade-off Analysis
Group Discussion: Trade-offs
Technique: Requirement Patterns
Tool: Non-Functional Requirement Patterns
Checklist: Requirement Statement Best Practices
Technique: Architecture Change Cases
Template: Elements of a Change Case
Example: Change Case
Eliciting Change Cases
Group Discussion: Change Case
Summary
CHAPTER 9 - BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE
Business Architecture Entities
Business Views
Business Catalogs
Templates: TOGAF Business Catalogs
Example: Medicaid Business Process
Example: Service Function Catalog
Example: Location Catalog
Example: Role Catalog Structure
Example: SOA Role Catalog (Excerpt)
Example: Requirements Catalog
Business Matrices
Example: DOE Business Matrix
Templates: TOGAF Business Matrices
Example: Role Location Matrix
Business Diagrams
Example: Business Footprint Diagram
Example: Business Service / Information Diagram
Example: Medicaid Business Process Model
Example: HL7 EHR Functional Model
Example: Business Footprint Diagram
Example: Process Flow Diagram
Examples: TOGAF Business Diagrams
Resource: Business Analysis Book of Knowledge (BABOK)
Resource: Business Architecture Body of Knowledge (BIZBOK™)
Summary
CHAPTER 10 - DATA ARCHITECTURE
Data Architecture Entities
Data Catalogs
Templates: Data Catalog
Example: Data Catalog
Data Matrices
Template: Data Matrices
Data Diagrams
Example: Property & Casualty Conceptual Data Model
Example: Data Lifecycle Diagram
Example: Data Dissemination Diagram
Example: Data Migration Diagram
Example: Alternative Data Migration Table
Example: Data Security Diagram
Example: Alternative Data Security Table
DAMA DMBOK
Samples: Data Diagrams
Summary
CHAPTER 11 - APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
Application Architecture Entities
Application Catalogs
Template: Applications Portfolio Catalog
Example: Application Catalog
Application Matrices
Templates: Application Matrices
Example: Application Matrix
Application Diagrams
Example: Application Communication Diagram
Example: Application & User Location Diagram
Example: Insurance Industry System Model
Example: Claim Download Process
Example: TOGAF Application Diagram Samples
Summary
CHAPTER 12 - TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE
Technology Architecture Entities
Technology Catalogs
Templates: TOGAF Technology Catalog Templates
Example: Technology Catalog
Technology Matrices
Lifecycle Classification
Example: Technology by TRM & Lifecycle
Technology Diagrams
Example: Environments & Locations Diagram
Example: Platform Decomposition Diagram
Example: ED High-Level Network Architecture
Samples: TOGAF Technology Diagrams
Summary
CHAPTER 13 - ARCHITECTURE DELIVERABLES
Documentation Best Practices
Architecture Requirements Document
Template: Requirements Specification
IEEE Architectural Description Document
Template: Architectural Description Document
TOGAF Architecture Definition Document
Templates: Architectural Definition Document
Group Discussion: Architecture Definition Documents
Interface Specifications
Interface Specification Best Practices
Interface Design Document
Template: Interface Design Document
Database Design Document
Template: Database Design Document
Platform Design Document
Template: Platform Design Document
Architecture Decision Document
Template: Architecture Decision Document
ATAM: Scenario-based Architecture Review
Example: Utility Tree
Presentation Best Practices: ICEPAC
Verbal Supports: CREST
Group Discussion: Presentations
Summary
CHAPTER 14 - ARCHITECTURE GAP ANALYSIS, ROADMAP & MIGRATION PLANNING
Putting the Pieces Together
Gap Analysis
Gap Analysis Matrix
Example: DOE Gap Analysis
Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix
Architecture Roadmap Table
Transition Architectures in Context
Architecture Roadmap
General Roadmap Methodology
Defining Work Packages
Roadmap Development Strategies
Example: High-Level Architecture Roadmap
Example: Pharmacy Standards Roadmap
Example: SOA Roadmap
Example: Business Intelligence Roadmap
Template: Architecture Roadmap
Migration Planning
Business Value Assessment Technique
Example: DOE Transition Plan
Example:Transition Milestone Table
Example: EPA Transition Plan
Template: TOGAF Implementation & Migration Plan Template
Process Summary
Summary
CHAPTER 15 - PATTERNS
What are Patterns?
Elements of a Pattern
Pattern Levels
Pattern Types
How to Start Using Patterns?
Common Architectural Patterns
Layers Pattern
Example: Retail Layered Architecture
Object-Oriented Design Patterns
OO Design Patterns
Structural Design Pattern: Facade Pattern Example
Enterprise Integration Patterns
Messaging Systems: Overview
Example Pattern: Pipes and Filters
Example: Monitoring Credit Bureau
EAA Patterns
Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern
SOA Patterns
Example: Saga Pattern
Business Process Patterns
Example: Synchronizing Merge Pattern
Configuration Management Patterns
New Patterns Continue to Emerge
Group Discussion: Patterns
Summary
CHAPTER 16 - ARCHITECTURE TACTICS
Tactics
Availability Tactics
Modifiability Tactics
Architectural Patterns and Corresponding Tactics for Modifiability
Performance Tactics
Security Tactics
Testability Tactics
Usability Tactics
Approach for Describing Tactics
Group Discussion: Tactics
Pipes & Filters: Tactics
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Tactics
Summary
CHAPTER 17 - ARCHITECTURE TECHNIQUES
Progressive Filtering
Rubric
Example: Service Design Rubric
Example: Architecture Rubric
Refactoring
Think About the Future, But Wait to Act
Feature Tree
Decision Tables
Decision Table Example
Flowcharts
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis
Example: SWOT Layout
SWOT Steps
Summary
CHAPTER 18 - COMMERCIAL-OFF-THE-SHELF (COTS)
COTS Advantages & Disadvantages
COTS Implication: Accept Design Influence
COTS Implication: Plan for Stability
COTS Implication: Sustain Competency
COTS Implication: Vendor Lock-In
COTS Implication: Balance Business Needs & Architecture
COTS Inherent Risks
COTS Risk Management Strategy #1
COTS Risk Management Strategy #2
COTS Risk Management Strategy #3
COTS Risk Management Strategy #3
Group Discussion: COTS
Typical COTS Architecture
Summary
CHAPTER 19 - ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA) PROGRAM
Enterprise Architecture Scope of Work
EA as an Enterprise Asset
Assess Maturity
Working with Maturity Models
Tool: EA Maturity Assessment
EA Transformation Process
Establish Organizational Model
Skills Framework
Roles
EA Skills
Depth of Knowledge
Generic Skills Matrix
Business Skills Matrix
EA Skills Matrix
Program/Project Skills Matrix
Apply Project Management Best Practices
Communications is Very Important!
Communications Vehicles
EA Implementation
EA Maintenance
EA Action Items to Achieve Your Goals
Top 10 Leadership Principles of EA
Summary
CHAPTER 20 - EA GOVERNANCE
What is Governance?
IT Governance Methodologies
Characteristics of Governance
Measures to Govern Enterprise Architecture
Reference: Weill & Ross Framework
IT Decision Domains
Group Discussion
IT Governance Archetypes
Template: Decision Domains & Governance Archetypes Matrix
Implementation Mechanisms
Example: IT Governance at UPS
Example: IT Governance at Dupont
Most Common Governance Patterns
Top 3 Performing Patterns
Process: Creating an Effective IT Governance
COBIT
Example: Governance Structure
Example: Governance Process Flow
Example: Integrating Governance into the Organization
Governance Best Practices
Governance With Little Standards or Target
More Governance Lessons Learned
Summary
CHAPTER 21 - THE EA TOOLBOX
The Architecture Toolbox
The EA Toolbox
TOGAF Toolbox Items
Supplementing TOGAF Toolbox Items
Practitioner Toolbox Items
Summary
CHAPTER 22 - EA LESSONS LEARNED
Key EA Lessons Learned
EA Success Factors: People Skills
Group Discussion: Lessons Learned
EA Anti-Patterns
Anti-Pattern: 30,000 Feet & Climbing
Anti-Pattern: Bleeding Edge
Anti-Pattern: Buzzword-Driven Architecture
Anti-Pattern: Detailed Enterprise Model
Anti-Pattern: Goldplating
Anti-Pattern: Modeling for Modeling's Sake
Anti-Pattern: One Truth Above All Else
Anti-Pattern: Real-world Disconnect
Anti-Pattern: Strive for Perfection
Anti-Pattern: Stuck in the Weeds
Anti-Pattern: Technology Above All
Anti-Pattern: Tomorrow Suffers from Today
Anti-Pattern: Ungrounded Future
Anti-Pattern: Yesterday's Enterprise Model
Summary
HANDOUT 1 - SAMPLE PRINCIPLES
Business Principles
Data Principles
Application Principles
Technology Principles
Governance Principles
SOA Governance Principles
HANDOUT 2 - SYSTEM PROFILE TEMPLATE
HANDOUT 3 - SUBSYSTEM PROFILE TEMPLATE
HANDOUT 4 - INTERFACE PROFILE TEMPLATE
HANDOUT 5 - QUALITY ATTRIBUTE (QA)/QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) CATEGORIES
Introduction
Quality Attributes
HANDOUT 6 - REQUIREMENT PATTERNS
HANDOUT 7 - REQUIREMENT STATEMENT CHECKLIST
Introduction
Requirement Statement Review Checklist
HANDOUT 8 - RUBRIC WORKSHEET
HANDOUT 9 - ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MATURITY SCORECARD
APPENDIX A - REFERENCE LIBRARY
Overview
Industry Organizations
References & Further Reading
Appendix B - Architecture Glossary
ABC
DEF
GHI
MNO
PQR
STU
VWXYZ
Appendix C - TOGAF Glossary
ABC
DEF
GHI
MNO
PQR
STU
VWXYZ
Appendix D - EA Catalogs, Matrices, & Diagrams
Catalogs
Matrices
Diagrams
Appendix E - Business Process Modeling Notation
Process Modeling Standards
What is BPMN?
Elements of a Process
Basic Structure of a Process
Using Subprocess
The Start Event
Normal End Events
Abnormal End Events
Intermediate Events
Process State Management
Process State Management (continued)
Gateways
Exclusive Condition
Exclusive Condition Examples
Inclusive Condition
Parallel Execution
Event Choice
Merging Branches
Merging Examples
Looping with BMPN
Looping Options
More Examples
Modeling Roles & Responsibilities
Using Swim Lanes
Appendix F - Data Modeling Notation
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Cardinality
One to One Relationship
One to Many Relationship
Many to Many Relationship
Subtype Relationship
Appendix G - Pattern List
Appendix H - Building Modern Applications
Next Generation Methodologies, Approaches, Tools, and Applications
Web 2.0
Rich Internet Client Applications
Single Page Applications (SPA) with AngularJS
Two-way Data Binding (the AngularJS Way)
Other Client Side MV(C) Frameworks
"Rich Client" - "Thin Server" Architecture
Mobile Platforms
Types of Mobile Applications
Native Mobile Applications
Mobile Web Applications
Hybrid Mobile Applications
Hybrid App Tools and Frameworks
RIA as a Driving Force to Turn the "Thin Server" into Microservice(s)
So, How Can Microservices Help Me?
The Data Exchange Interoperability Consideration
Microservices in Their Purest Form: AWS Lambdas
The Microservices Architecture Design Principles
Decentralized Processing
Crossing Process Boundary is Expensive!
Managing Microservices
Traditional Enterprise Application Architecture (Simplified)
Microservices Architecture Example (Simplified)
Design for Failure
Fault Injection During System Testing
Architecting in the Cloud
The Building Blocks of a Fault-tolerant Application on AWS
Dev and Ops Views
What is DevOps?
More DevOps Definitions
DevOps and Software Delivery Life Cycle
Main DevOps Objectives
The Term "DevOps" is Evolving!
Infrastructure as Code
Prerequisites for DevOps Success
Alignment with Business Needs
Collaborative Development
Continuous Testing and Integration
Continuous Release and Deployment
Continuous Application Monitoring
Standing Up DevOps
Select DevOps Techniques and Practices
Containerization and Virtualization
Machine Images On Demand
Virtualization
Hypervisors
Docker Containers
Docker Containers vs Traditional Virtualization
Docker as Platform-as-a-Service
Docker Integration
Docker Application Container Public Repository
Kubernetes
Other Containerization Systems
Where to Use Virtualization and Containerization
Summary
Lab Exercises
Lab 1. Reference Architectures
Lab 2. Define Your Enterprise
Lab 3. Architecture Vision Diagram
Lab 4. Business Architecture
Lab 5. Data Architecture
Lab 6. Application Architecture
Lab 7. Technology Architecture
Lab 8. Architecture Roadmap
Lab 9. Architecture Maturity Assessment
Lab 10. Architecture Services
Lab 11. Extra: Define Tactics for a Quality Attribute
Lab 12. Extra: Identifying Tactics for a Pattern
Lab 13. Extra: Architecture Techniques